For centuries, medicinal mushrooms have been used in traditional healing practices to promote health and treat a wide range of ailments. From China to Europe to the Americas, cultures around the world have long recognised the healing properties of fungi.
One of the earliest known examples of the use of medicinal mushrooms comes from the discovery of the "Iceman" in the Italian Alps in 1991. When the Iceman, also known as Ötzi, was discovered, his mummy was so well-preserved that researchers were able to analyse the contents of his stomach and intestines. What they found were traces of two different species of medicinal mushrooms - birch polypore (Piptoporus betulinus) and the tinder fungus (Fomes fomentarius). Known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, the fungi were likely used by the Iceman to treat his ailments. This discovery gives us evidence that as far back as 5,300 years ago, humans had already developed knowledge and awareness of the medicinal properties of mushrooms.
In China, the use of medicinal mushrooms also dates back thousands of years. Written round 200 CE, the classic Chinese medical text Shennong Ben Can Jing (Shen-nong’s Herbal Classics, 神農本草經) included information on the use of several medicinal mushrooms, including Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), Cordyceps (Cordyceps sinensis), and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Traditional Chinese Medicine doctors use these mushrooms to boost immunity, reduce inflammation, and treat respiratory infections, liver disease, and even cancer.
The long history of the use of medicinal mushrooms in Europe can be traced back to the medieval period, when mushrooms were believed to have mystical properties and often associated with folklore and superstition. By the16th century, mushrooms were so widely used throughout Europe in folk medicine that the healing properties of mushrooms were mentioned in the texts of Swiss alchemist Paracelsus, who travelled extensively around the continent to learn medicinal and wound healing techniques. More recently during World War II, the Polish government-in-exile sponsored research into medicinal mushrooms, particularly Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), for its effectiveness in treating wounds and infections.
In the Americas, there are also plenty of examples of medicinal mushrooms playing key roles in indigenous healing practices. The Cherokee and other Native American tribes used Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) to treat infections and digestive issues. The Mexican Aztecs used Chaga for respiratory infections and as a general health tonic.
Today, as more of us are are seeking a natural and holistic approach to health and wellness, medicinal mushrooms are playing an increasing role in our lives. In addition to their traditional uses, modern research has shown that medicinal mushrooms may have a wide range of health benefits, including reducing inflammation, boosting immunity, and even fighting cancer.
While there are numerous types of medicinal mushrooms, some of the most popular include Reishi, Shiitake, Maitake, Turkey tail, and Lion's Mane. These are used in supplement form, as teas, or added to food and beverages.
The history of medicinal mushrooms is rich and fascinating, spanning cultures and centuries. Through human history, the natural healing power of medicinal mushrooms has long been recognised by traditional knowledge. With anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial properties, benefits to respiratory and digestive health and the ability to heal wounds and fight infections, it is no surprise that medicinal mushrooms are making their way firmly back into our modern everyday healing rituals.
As with any supplement or alternative treatment, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before using medicinal mushrooms, particularly if you have a pre-existing medical condition or are taking medications.